In terms of level, the Unified Examination
Certificate with an average score of 75% or
higher is comparable to a VWO diploma in
the Netherlands.
Secondary technical and vocational education
After 3 years of general secondary education, pupils can also opt for the technical /
vocational stream at secondary schools for vocational education (Sekolah Menengah
Vokasional).
Pupils who have completed the 2-year programme can take an examination to obtain the
Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia Vokasional – SPMV (Malaysian Certificate of Vocational
Education).
In terms of level, the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia
Vokasional (SPMV) is comparable to an
MBO diploma in the Netherlands at
qualification level 1 or 2, depending on the
specialisation.
Admission to higher education
The Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia and Matriculation Certificate grant access to
bachelor’s programmes at public higher education institutions. Prospective students are
assigned places by the Unit Pusat Universiti, the Central University Unit. A quota system
is in place which ensures that a significant percentage of students come from the
Malaysian ethnic group (Bumiputra). This was one of the reasons why the demand from
Chinese and Tamil students for private education increased.
The Unified Examination Certificate generally grants access to private higher education
institutions and foreign university programmes.
Higher education
Programmes at universities and university colleges lead to bachelor’s degrees, master’s
degrees and PhDs.
Polytechnics and community colleges both offer technical and professional programmes
leading to a Diploma or a Certificate.